Some of my Work on Physics

This site also exists in a German version. To see the German version, please click here.


This is my old internet-page.

My new one is here: http://www.ostfalia.de/cms/de/pws/turtur/FundE

My university decided to have new internet-pages. Thus I can only update the new pages, not the old ones.

 

 


1. Part:

Verification and Conversion of the Energy of the Zero-point Oscillations of the Vacuum

NEW: Review article about my complete work on energy-conversion:

--> Download in German Language und --> Download in English Language (93 pages)

 

And here is a short little popular scientific version, describing my work on the vacuum-energy for the free understanding to everybody.


 

 

And here are several details:

This new type of energy-source can be explained in short words as following:
Electrostaic charge produces electric field. This field influences the wavelength of the Quantum mechanical zero point oscillations of the vacuum. I have built a rotor, which can a small part of this energy from the zero point oscillations and convert it into classical mechanical energy.
Furthermore I have verified the functionning of the rotor experimentally. For some time there had been the doubt that gas molecules cause the rotation of the electrostatic rotor. This is excluded since 3.Dez.2008 by making the rotor spin in the vacuum.
In analogy with the e
lectrostaic rotor I made planning of a magneticall driven rotor.

-  Two Paradoxes of the Existence of electric Charge (download)
     (October 2007: A philosophical step on the way to the understanding of the vacuum-energy)
-  A Motor driven by Electrostatic Forces  (download)
     (February 2008: A theoretical approach how to verify the philosophical step from Oct. 2007.)
-  A QED-model for the Energy of the Vacuum and an Explanation of its Conversion into Mechanical Energy (download)
    ( September 2008: The theoretical background of the vacuum-energy and its converion into classical energy)
-  Conversion of Vacuum-energy into mechanical energy: Successful experimental Verification (download)
    ( April 2008: An experimental verification of the vacuum-energy)
-  A magnetic analogon for the conversion of vacuum-energy into mechanical energy (download-theory) (download-experiment)
     (Dez. 2007 / Mai 2008: Consideration for a magnetic analogon to the electrstatic rotor)
-  Conversion of Vacuum-Energy into Mechanical Energy under Vacuum Conditions (download)
     (Dez. 2008: Exclusion of the influence of gas molecules on the electrstatic rotor)
-   Verification of "over-unity" of the vacuum-energy rotor  (download) (only available in English language)
     (April 2009: Measurement of the machine: The produced mechanical power is larger then the electrical power loss !)

 

¤  Two Paradoxes of the Existence of electric Charge

Electromagnetic waves propagate with the speed of light. The reason is that electro­static fields as well as magnetic fields propagate with this speed. Both types of objects, waves as well as static fields contain and transport energy. Consequently it is possible to calculate how much energy and how much energy density a source of a field emits into the space – and the calculation shows that this energy is not zero, for elementary particles as well as for macros­copic spheres. The calculation is presented in this article.
This leads to a principle problem not being answered up to now: From where does the static charge obtain the energy, which it emits permanently ?  But the paradox has a second aspect: If we follow the trace of a specified element of volume containing an electric field on its way through the space, we will notice that its contents of field energy decreases during time. But where does this effluent energy go ?
- Full Text: Article in English (PDF)        (see also http://arxiv.org/abs/0710.3253)

¤  A Motor driven by Electrostatic Forces

A new type of motor is presented, at which the electrostatic field produced by an electric charge brings a rotor into rotation. The physical principle of the motor is explained on the basis of Coulomb-forces with additional aid of the image-charge method. Furthermore a possible proposal for an experimental setup for the purpose of practical verification is pre­sented. The assembly described contains a rotor of 20 centimeters in diameter, taking up a torque in the order of magnitude of about 0.1µNm. The setup is not yet technically optimized for later applications, but it is designed in a way to be easy understandable. The origin of the energy driving the rotor can be lead back to the energy of the vacuum.
- Full Text: Article in English (PDF)        (see also PHILICA.COM, ISSN 1751-3030, Article number 119, 18.Feb.2008)
Additional numeric considerations about the optimization of an setup for an electrostatic motor can be found here.

¤  A QED-model for the energy of the vacuum and an explantion of its conversion into mechanical energy


The energy density of the vacuum is still one of the unsolved questions in physics. Principally it should be possible to calculate this energy density by summing up the energy of all zero point oscillations of the vacuum. The problem is that this sum leads to a divergent improper integral. An approach to a solution is found within the theory of Geometrodynamics, however this approach is regarded sceptical nowadays and it is in contradiction with measurements of Astrophysics.
The present work introduces a new solution for the convergence problem of the improper integral on the basis of Quantum electrodynamics (where improper integrals are solved), coming to values appearing realistic.
The only necessary postulate: It is known that the speed of propagation of electromagnetic waves is influenced by electric and magnetic DC-fields. The postulate is now to assume, that the zero point oscillations of the vacuum display the same behaviour.
But the article is not restricted to theoretical calculations of the energy of the zero point oscillations of the vacuum; it also goes back to the experimental verification and to the utilization of those zero point oscillations in laboratory giving a theoretical (quantumelectrodynamical) explanation of the operation of the experiment, which already has been conducted successfully.
- Full Text: Article in English (PDF)        (see also PHILICA.COM, ISSN 1751-3030, Article number 138,  4. Sept. 2008)

¤  Conversion of Vacuum-energy into mechanical energy: Successful experimental Verification

Theoretical considerations regarding the conversion of vacuum-energy into mechanical energy have been presented in "A Motor driven by Electrostatic Forces". The principle of conversion is based on electrostatics. The experimental verification of this theoretical work is described here. For this purpose a metallic rotor is supported by a very special type of hydrostatic bearing. The electric field source driving the rotor is a circular disc, positioned above the rotor. Once this field source is electrically charged, the rotor will rotate, as long as the field source keeps its charge, taking the energy for the rotation from the vacuum. The experiment described here confirms that the rotation really takes place.
- Full Text: Article in English (PDF)        (see also PHILICA.COM, ISSN 1751-3030, Article number 124,  2. April 2008)
Foregoing remarks:
The electrostatic rotor was also realized with a mechanical (dry) bearing: see article, and at PHILICA.COM, ISSN 1751-3030, observation 45, 11. April 2008
Desirable would be a technical usage of the electrostatic rotor: How to continue with this machine ?

¤  Two Paradoxes of the Existence of magnetic fields

A thought experiment is considered in which somebody observes an electrical charge, moving with cons­tant speed relatively to a given frame of reference, in which the observer is in rest. Let us further assume that no electric fields and no magnetic fields interact with this moving charge, so that there is no force acting on the charge. Consequently it keeps constant speed.
But the moving charge itself produces a magnetic field within the reference frame. Because the moving charge does not alter its speed and thereby its energy, it can not emanate any power. But the generated magnetic field contains energy, and we can calculate the power being emanated from the moving charge, which we find to be not constant as a function of time. The existence of this energy and the alteration of the power is a first paradoxon of the magnetic field.
If we follow the trace of a specified element of volume containing field energy, a further calculation proves, that this contents of energy decreases during time. This unexplained loss of energy as a consequence of the mere propagation in space is a second paradoxon of the magnetic field.
- Full Text: Article in English (PDF)        (see also PHILICA.COM, ISSN 1751-3030, Article number 113, 19.Dez.2007)


¤  A magnetic rotor to convert vacuum-energy into mechanical energy

In previous work it was demonstrated, how vacuum-energy can be made manifest in the laboratory and how it can be practically converted into mechanical energy with the use of electrosta­tic forces driving a rotor using the energy of an electrostatic field.
In analogy to this electrostatic principle, the energy of a magnetic field allows an alternative method to convert vacuum-energy into mechanical energy. A design of an experiment to realize this conversion is conceived here. The calculation of the forces and torques of an exemplary rotor leads to the expectation that a magnetically driven rotor can be built of the movement
should be observable.
- Full Text: Article in English (PDF)        (see also PHILICA.COM, ISSN 1751-3030, Article number 130,  21. Mai 2008)



¤   Review Article:  Conversion of vacuum-energy into mechanical energy
This is an overview of my work on the vacuum-energy-rotor, which additionally contains considerations about the further development to technical maturity. In order to avoid isolation losses (of electrical charge), the field source was made of electret. Thereby the rotation ended after few revolutions (one or two or maximum less than three turns, with the number of revolutions not beeing reproducible because of the inhomogeneity of the charge distribution on the surface of the electret). But from this observation it can be concluded, that the vacuum-energy-rotor is not driven by the Biefeld-Brown-Effekt or by some electrohydrodynamic effects. The article is published at: The General Science Journal © (ISSN 1916-5382), submission from June 5, 2008
The Link to this article is here.



¤   The role of Ionic Wind for the Electrostatic Rotor to convert Vacuum Energy into Mechanical Energy

It has been discussed several times, whether ionic wind might take any influence onto the experimental verification of the conversion of vacuum-energy into mechanical energy presented in [1]. A first demonstration, that such electrohydrodynamic effects do not drive the rotor converting energy is given in [2]. Here is the presentation of further investigations to exclude the relevancy of ionic wind for this experiment.
- Full Text: Article in English (PDF)        (see also PHILICA.COM, ISSN 1751-3030, observation 49, 16. Sept. 2008)

 

¤  Conversion of Vacuum-Energy into Mechanical Energy under Vacuum Conditions

In order to make vacuum-energy perceptible in the laboratory the author developed a theoretical approach, which he experimentally verified with a special electrostatic rotor that converts vacuum-energy into classical mechanical energy causing a rotation of the rotor. Because all former experiments had been executed under air at room pressure, there was the request on various occasions to implement the experiment into the vacuum in order to prove, that the movement of the rotor was not caused by an artefact due to the recoil of ionized gas molecules. For this purpose the setup was now realized at the absence of air, this means within a vacuum at a pressure sufficient to exclude gas discharge. The experiments have been performed at the University of Magdeburg. It is now successfully proven that the experimental verification of conversion of vacuum-energy into mechanical energy is not an artefact caused by ionized gas molecules.
- Full Text: Article in English (PDF)        (see also PHILICA.COM, ISSN 1751-3030, Article number 141,  3. Dez. 2008)


Links: There are some other experimental investigations, which have a connection with the work reported here.

Three of them shall be mentioned in the following lines:

(1.) Anders O. Wistrom and Armik V. M. Khachatourian from the Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521 experimentally verified the rotation of electrostatically charged spheres. They did not publish a theoretical explanation, but they have a well elaborate experiment, which they published in the Journal "Applied Physics Letters". The link to their publication is here.

(2.) At the American space institute of NASA, Hector Luis Serrano (President of Gravitec Inc.) investigated the forces onto an asymmetrical capacitor inside the vacuum. He observed forces which are rather similar to the forces which I present on my page here. The NASA results have been obtained in July 2003 but due to confidentinal reasons, they have been published only in December 2007. The link is here.

(3.) Harald Chmela (in Austria) began to try a further development of my rotor for the conversion of vacuum energy, but it does not yet work. His problem seems to be mainly a problem of friction in the mechanical bearing of the rotor. The link to his work is here, and the link to my explanation of his friction problem is here. It would be nice and desirable, if Mr. Chmela would be successful in his further development.


2. Part: Some elder work

-  About the Electrostatic field following Coulomb's law with additional Consideration of the finite speed of propagation following the Theory of Relativity
-  The Energy- Density of the Universe
-  The Energy- Density of the Vacuum (on microscopical scale)
-  Magnetic Moment and Mass of the Electron
-  An easy way to Gravimagnetism
-  A Hypothesis regarding the refraction of Light; The planning of a Verification- Experiment
To see details, please look below.

¤   About the Electrostatic field following Coulomb's law with additional Consideration of the finite speed of propagation following the Theory of Relativity

The electrostatic field emanating from some electric charge can be calculated with the use of Coulomb’s law. This law does not make any statement regarding the speed of propagation of the field, infinite speed is assumed automatically. But the Theory of Rela­ti­vity does not allow such speed, it rather restricts the speed of propagation to the speed of light. If we take this into account, the electrostatic field strength of any charge depends also on the speed of propa­gat­ion of the field. In this article the principle of the pro­pa­gation of the electric field with finite speed is explained, and an example is demonstrated, in which the speed of propagation of the field is necessary to calculate electrostatic field strength.
- Full Text: Article in English (PDF)        (see also PHILICA.COM, ISSN 1751-3030, Article number 112, 11.Dez.2007)


¤  The Energy- Density of the Universe

Rather uncomplicated calculations by hand display a surprising connection between the energy- density of the vacuum and the diameter of the universe. Among other things, the result explains the observation of the accelerated expansion of the universe.
- Full Text: Article in English   (see also http://arXiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0403278 )


¤  The Energy- Density of the Vacuum (on microscopical scale)

In geometrodynamics, the energy density of the waves of quantum fluctuations leads to the well- known problem of energy- compensation within the explanation of the energy of geometro­dynamical excitones. The correlation between their energy density and the spatial dimension of their volume in connection with the modes of zero- point oscillations in the inside of their volume is the subject of the preceding article.
- Full test: Article in English (PDF)
   (see also article "Vakuumenergiedichte", Technische Rundschau, 96.Jahrgang, 29. Okt. 2004, Heft 21, S. 16 in German language)


¤  Magnetic Moment and Mass of the Electron

There are several trials to explain the mass of  particles on the basis of their field's energy, but up to now, none of these explanations can be regarded as successfull. Especially for the electron, such explanations lead to the definition of the classical electron's radius, which leads to unsolved contradictions (see for instance Henri Poincaré, Richard P. Feynman and many others). The solution of this puzzle can be found here:    - Full Text: Article in English (PDF)
(see also article "A Theoretical Determination of the Electrons Mass" in Galilean Electrodynamics East, Vol.17, Special Issues 2, Fall 2006, S. 23-29)


¤  An easy way to Gravimagnetism

The appearance of Gravimagnetism (also known as Thirring- Lense- Effect) is one of the numerous results of the General Theory of Relativity and is therefore hardly to understand for beginners. In the article presented here, you find a description of the effect which can be understand fully on the basis of classical physics and is even reachable for undergraduate students. The article also gives a comparision with the experiment.
- Full Text: Article in English (PDF)  (see also  http://arXiv.org/abs/physics/0406078 )


¤  A Hypothesis regarding the refraction of Light; The planning of a Verification- Experiment

As generally known, the speed of propagation of light in solid state bodies can be different from the speed of light in vacuum. That the mere presence of electric or magnetic fields in the vacuum can suffice to influence the speed of light, is a hypothesis under discussion, which is based on considerations of Quantumelectrody­namics.
For a verification of this hypothesis, an interference­-experiment might be performed, of which the planning is given at the end of this article.

  - Full Text: Article in English (PDF)      (see also  http://arXiv.org/abs/physics/0703271 )





 

Author of this page is:

Prof. Dr. Claus W. Turtur
University of Applied Sciences Braunschweig- Wolfenbüttel
Salzdahlumer Straße 46 / 48
GERMANY - 38302 Wolfenbüttel
E-mail: c-w.turtur@fh-wolfenbuettel.de


          Here is the link to my list of publications.

Last update of this page:  May - 12 - 2009               by  Claus W. Turtur